Experiment 1 vi characteristics of diode vi characteristics of diode aim. The diode is firmed by doping a semiconductor like silicon or germanium with. Experiment 3 recording the current voltage characteristics. Under a forward bias condition, this should be about. Theory the japanese physicist leo esaki invented the tunnel diode in 1958. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. If we attempt to pass current through the diode in the opposite direction by switching the voltage leads, almost no current will ow and we say that the diode is reverse biased. You may use either of three methods to measure the vi characteristics. Read online pn junction diode characteristics aim book pdf free download link book now. In the case of normal diodes the diode damages at the break down voltage.
The real diode we will use is a 1n4004 400 v piv, i max 1 a and the white line at one end indicates the direction in which positive forward current flows. If a diode is fully conducting, it can usually be assumed that the voltage across it is the forward voltage rating. The vi characteristics of a diode can be forward or reverse. The first thing we want to do is look at diode characteristics. They are called active devices since transistors are capable of amplifying or making larger signals. While doing the experiment do not exceed the ratings of the diode. Measure voltage across diode and current through diode. The data below were collected for the example of a npn 2n36443 transistor using the circuit below. To study and verify the functionality of a pn junction diode in forward bias b pointcontact diode in reverse. In forward bias condition, current is constant until certain voltage is reached. The first known report of a lightemitting solidstate diode was made in 1907 by. Diode characteristics diode and diode circuits diodes and. If you need to use your diode on another day, mark it with a piece of tape with your name and leave it in the storage cubbies in the back of the lab. We are going to learn about an experiment to find out the zener breakdown voltage and draw the characteristics of zener diode.
A theoretical model of the diode characteristic curve is given by the equation. The properties of transistors will be studied in this module so basically the focus here is understanding how transistors work. The diodes symbol is an arrow with a bar, the arrow indicates the direction. Zener breakdown voltage should be approximately close to the desired voltage we want. Zener breakdown voltage should be approximately close to the desired voltage.
Pn junction diode characteristics aim pdf book manual. The reverse current in a photodiode depends on the intensity of light falling on it or exposure of light. How do you construct a laboratory experiment that will allow you to make this. Diode characteristics 2012 summary this experiment was set up to investigate the different properties and characteristics of several different types of diode.
The following is a list, by letter symbol, of the major electrical characteristics for the rectifier and signal diodes. Write down all circuit equations and simplify as much as possible 2. Pn junction diode characteristics aim pdf book manual free. To study and verify the functionality of a pn junction diode in forward bias. To calculate static and dynamic resistances of the zener diode in both forward and reverse biased conditions before, after break down voltages. This paper shows the vi characteristics of diode through pc that records the. Zener diodes when we first talked about practical diodes, it was mentioned that a parameter associated with the diode in the reverse bias region was the breakdown voltage, v br, also known as the peakinverse voltage piv. In this experiment an npntransistor will be used to observe some characteristics of a diode. The properties of a pn junction are very dependable. Iv characteristics pn junction diode theory a semiconductor pn junction diode is a two terminal electronic device that allows current in only one direction. The experiment was conducted to explore the characteristics of a diode laser. Each diode was investigated by plotting the iv curve using a precision sourcemeasurement unit b2902a and a laptop with the corresponding quick iv measurement software installed.
The forward characteristics of a diode is non linear. Determining the value of the reversebias saturation current determining the value of the emission coefficient 2 principles the diode is a device formed from a junction of ntype and ptype semiconductor. A key difference is that a pn diode contains two depletion regions of opposite type. It is a silicon or germanium pn junction diode which is photosensitive in reverse bias condition. You can determine the influence of light intensity on the power of the solar module.
Analyze the diodes characteristics using pspice, run the examples in the pspice folder. It is also required to obtain the capacitancevoltage characteristics of the diode. Three important characteristics of a diode are, first of all, the forward voltage drop. Useful mathematical relations are shown and illustrated with plots. Recipe for solving diode circuits state of diode is unknown before solving the circuit 1. A semiconductor diode is prepared by joining p and n sections of a semi conducting material like germanium or silicon.
Jan, 2015 pn junction diode characteristics lab expriment 1. The semiconductor diode is usually created by attaching a ndoped semiconductor to a pdoped semiconductor forming a pnjunction. Some of the voltage and current division lab report. The lead connected to the ptype material is called the anode and the lead connected to the ntype material is the cathode. Practical report on diode characteristics pdf scoop. Fig 8 vary the voltage v on the power supply between 030v. Diode iv characteristics the iv graph for a nonideal diode is shown in figure 2, along with an ideal approximation to accommodate the nonzero threshold voltage. Zero bias no external voltage potential is applied to the pn junction diode. To study and verify the functionality of a pn junction diode in forward bias b pointcontact diode in reverse lab report 1. The voltage across the diode is recorded as the xinput as v. For the analysis of the accumulated data we shall use a spreadsheet program libreoffice calc. The current i may be deduced using r v i r, converting the recorded voltage v r in the yinput into current scale.
Description and objective in this experiment, you will study the currentvoltage characteristics of diodes, build rectifier circuits and study small signal dynamic resistance of a diode. To get familiar with working knowledge of the following. We have also learned about diffusion current, depletion region. You will be using a 2n2222 transistor so your data will be different.
To explain the theory and the underlying principle behind the functioning of an led brief history. Experimently find out whether the given diode is made of germanium or silicon. Replace the procedure in experiment 3 with the following procedure 1 measure the voltage and current through a signal diode use a 1n4148 from your graymark kit these are also available in the instrument room. Manufacturers specify these various diode operating parameters and characteristics with letter symbols in accordance with fixed definitions. This site is like a library, you could find million book here by using search box in the header. To do this, record two further characteristic curves, changing the distance between the lamp and the solar module e. It has a particular voltage known as break down voltage, at which the diode break downs while reverse biased. Most of the measurements will be done with our usual lab equipment. Pdf impact of oxygen related extended defects on silicon. Diode characteristics diode and diode circuits diodes. To study the forward and reverse bias characteristics of diode and zener diode. The electrostatic analysis of a pn diode is of interest since it provides knowledge about the charge density and the electric field in the depletion region. The graph showing the forward bias voltage and forward current is known as the forward characteristics, and that showing the reverse bias voltage and reverse current is known as the reverse characteristics. Carry out the recording for both forward and reversed bias characteristics.
It arises from the fact that the forward characteristics of real pn. The vi characteristics of zener diode has been studied and graph is plotted. At a distance of 20 cm the solar module must only be illuminated for the duration of the experiment. Use suitable input scales and calibrate the scale on the recording sheet. Zener diode is a pn junction diode specially designed to operate in the reverse biased mode. A zener diode is constructed for operation in the reverse breakdown re gion. To get familiar with working knowledge of the following instruments. But simulation doesnt necessarily give the true effect of any experiment as. This was a bad thing before the whole avalanche breakdown, large current. The diode is a device formed from a junction of ntype and ptype semiconductor material. Diodes and diode circuits tlt8016 basic analog circuits 20052006 2 3.
Because of the thinness of the junction, the electrons can pass through the potential barrier of the dam layer at a suitable polarization, reaching the energy states on the. For correct voltage regulation, we need to find out precisely what voltage should be across the zener diode. Pdf v i characteristics of diode through computer researchgate. It is acting as normal diode while forward biasing. Diodes and rectification component list resistors, one of each. Plot a graph with reverse voltage along x axis and reverse current along y axis.
A diode is simply a pn junction, but its applications are extensive in electronic circuits. Jul 27, 2018 1 compare the the purpose of this lab is to study the characteristics of the diode. Characteristics lab introduction transistors are the active component in various devices like amplifiers and oscillators. Measurements of temperature and voltage will be done using a thermocouple and an ad converter respectively.
Electronics and circuit analysis using matlab john okyere attia p. The transistor characteristics are useful in amplifier design as well as understanding how transistors operate. The experiments in this laboratory exercise will provide an introduction to. Impact of oxygen related extended defects on silicon diode characteristics article pdf available in journal of applied physics 7711. The graph shows the reverse vi characteristics of the given pn junction diode. You diodes will use the bit bucket breadboarding system to build and test several dc and ac diode circuits. The diode will be easier to understand if we compare the diode to another two terminal device we know and love the resistor. The application of this diode is in its reverse biased condition. P s1 characteristic curve dark and light iv of the solar. However, everyone will get a chance to to use the parameter analyzer to measure currentvoltage characteristics of a couple of diodes. When the positive polarity is at the anode the diode is forward biased and is conducting.
Diodes are mostly used in practice for emitting light as light emitting diodes, leds or controlling voltages in various circuits. Reverse dc power supply polarity for reverse bias repeat the above procedure for the different values of supply voltage for reverse bias draw vi characteristics for forward bias and reverse bias in one graph. Diode iv characteristics contents that should be delivered for every report. Help labs this lab is another that you can do in your dorm room, if you like. It consists of a pn junction with highly doped regions. A semiconductor diode is prepared by joining p and n sections of a semi conducting. Simulator procedure as performed through the online labs select the characteristics of diode from the drop down list. Click on open existing file and navigate to the ee. Conduct the experiment for obtaining the forward bias vi characteristics of the given diode. To verify the vi characteristics of pn junction diode and zener diode.
The objectives of this experiment are to learn methods for characterizing 2 terminal devices. A multimeter with a diode setting can be used to measure the minimum of a diodes forward voltage drop. The the temperature dependence o f the threshold current i th was investigat ed and l i characteristic. Recording the currentvoltage characteristics of diodes. Pn junction diode and its characteristics in chapter 1 understanding the pn junction, we have seen how a pn junction is formed from a ptype and ntype semiconductor. In this experiment, we try to observe the relation between the voltage and corressponding current generated. The figure depicted under the section forward characteristic shows that forward voltage and reverse voltage are usually plotted on the horizontal line of the graph. Definition ptype semiconductor is suitably joined to ntype semiconductor,to conduct surface is called pn junction. The prelab and postlab report format is as follows. Use the diode equation for that state to solve the circuit equations and find i d and v d 3. Pdf this paper describes an experiment that studies the effect of diode temperature and.
Diode iv characteristics the forward and reverse current voltage iv characteristics of a diode are generally compared on a single characteristic curve. In this experiment an npn transistor will be used to observe some characteristics of a diode. The analysis is very similar to that of a metalsemiconductor junction. A specific diodes vf depends on what semiconductor material its made out of. Pdf an experiment to profile the voltage, current and temperature. Electrostatic analysis of a pn diode pnjuntion diode. Characteristics of a diode 1 objects of the experiment studying the characteristics of a diode. Because diodes of the same type can have significantly different characteristics, use the same diode for all experiments in this lab. To study and draw the characteristics of rectifier filter circuit. We are interested in the solid state pn junction diode which has the following type of characteristics. To find zener break down voltage in reverse biased condition.
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